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2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 28(1): 39-58, mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154317

ABSTRACT

Resumo Neste trabalho apresentamos uma análise das ações de divulgação e popularização da ciência na Fiocruz a partir de duas perspectivas. O estudo tem por objetivo investigar como se organiza um sistema de divulgação e popularização da ciência em uma instituição científica de grande porte e como esse sistema se articula com seu discurso institucional. Além de fazer uma breve revisão da evolução do tema na história da Fiocruz, realizamos um levantamento de como o mesmo tem sido tratado nos documentos oficiais de planejamento. Com o mapeamento das ações realizadas em 2015 e 2016, foi possível compreender melhor esse universo e classificá-lo de acordo com suas características junto ao público.


Abstract An analysis is presented of actions taken by the Brazilian research institution Fiocruz for the communication and popularization of science, from two perspectives. The aim was to investigate how a system for the communication and popularization of science is organized at a large scientific institution and how it is articulated with the institutional discourse. A brief review is presented of how the topic has developed over the history of Fiocruz, followed by a discussion of the way it has been addressed in its official planning documents. The science communication/popularization actions undertaken in 2015 and 2016 were mapped out and classified according to how they interact with the public, giving a better understanding of this area.


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Science/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Science/education , Brazil , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Foundations/history
3.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(3): 237-246, may.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249900

ABSTRACT

Resumen En este documento se describen los cambios en el Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) de 2012 a 2019, las modificaciones administrativas y de equipamiento, la nueva sede y las modificaciones jurídicas al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Se menciona el proceso de mudanza, en especial el cuidadoso traslado del material biológico que resguarda el Instituto y se analiza la nueva forma de estudiar los brotes epidémicos, los padecimientos endémicos y la red negativa. Respecto al ámbito internacional, se describe el fomento de la vinculación con redes globales de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y otros organismos internacionales. También se menciona la designación en el InDRE de cuatro centros colaboradores de la OMS. La Red de Laboratorios de la Iniciativa Global para la Seguridad en Salud reconoció el liderazgo del InDRE, cuyo director ocupó la copresidencia del grupo de trabajo en el periodo de estudio.


Abstract This document describes the changes at the Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference (InDRE) from 2012 to 2019, the administrative and equipment modifications, the new headquarters and the National System of Epidemiological Surveillance legal modifications. The process of relocation is mentioned, especially the careful transfer of the biological material protected by the Institute, and the new way of studying epidemic outbreaks, endemic diseases and the negative network is analyzed. At the international level, the promotion of links with global networks of the Pan American Health Organization, the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations is described. The designation of four WHO collaborating centres granted to InDRE is also mentioned. The Global Health Security Initiative Laboratory Network acknowledged InDRE's leadership, which co-chaired the working group during the study period.


Subject(s)
Humans , International Agencies/organization & administration , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Epidemiological Monitoring , Global Health , Disease Outbreaks , Leadership
4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 25(4): 1197-1204, abr. 2020. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089520

ABSTRACT

Resumo Ao longo século XX, as profundas alterações que ocorreram na Medicina apenas podem ser completamente esclarecidas se forem observadas numa perspectiva histórica, pois elas sempre ocorreram em resposta a influências externas, umas científicas e tecnológicas, outras de ordem social. A moderna Medicina Familiar é uma das muitas disciplinas novas que se desenvolveram durante o curso da história da Medicina e aqui debatemos de forma crítica, os últimos 40 anos dos cuidados primários em saúde em Portugal, começando em 1971, mesmo antes da Declaração de Alma-Ata (1978). Ao longo do percurso, em 2005, surge a Reforma dos Cuidados Primários em Saúde em Portugal e as novas unidades de saúde familiar, que até setembro de 2019 atendiam cerca de 94% dos cidadãos portugueses, ou seja, mais de nove milhões e meio de pessoas. No final dessa trajetória, de forma solidária e voluntária, esta Reforma serviu de inspiração para outra, no Brasil, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 2009. Por fim, apresentamos os desafios apontados na Declaração de Astana de 2018, dentre elas, a questão da força de trabalho nos cuidados de saúde primários, como fator essencial para o desempenho e a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de saúde.


Abstract Throughout the twentieth century, the profound changes that have taken place in Medicine can only be wholly explained if observed from a historical perspective, for they have always occurred in response to external influences, some scientific and technological, others of a social nature. Modern Family Medicine is one of the many new disciplines that have developed during medical history, and we critically discuss the last 40 years of primary health care in Portugal, which started in 1971, long before the Alma-Ata Declaration (1978). Along the way, in 2005, the Primary Health Care Reform emerges in Portugal, along with the new family health facilities, which until September 2019, attended about 94 % of Portuguese citizens, i.e., 9,5 million people. At the end of this course, in solidarity and voluntarily, this Reform inspired another one in Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro, in 2009. Finally, we present the challenges pointed out in the 2018 Astana Declaration, among them, the issue of the workforce in primary health care as an essential factor for the performance and sustainability of health systems.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/history , Health Care Reform/history , Congresses as Topic/history , Family Practice/history , Portugal , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Specialization/history , Brazil , Global Health , Kazakhstan , Health Care Reform/organization & administration , Community Health Centers/history , Community Health Centers/legislation & jurisprudence , Community Health Centers/organization & administration , Congresses as Topic/organization & administration , Academies and Institutes/history , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Europe , Family Practice/organization & administration , National Health Programs/history , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/organization & administration
5.
J. Phys. Educ. (Maringá) ; 31: e3136, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134741

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study ivestigated the association between noise and impaired sleep quality in 150 physical education instructors, in bodybuilding gyms. Two questionnaires were applied: evaluation of subjective sleep quality and analysis of explanatory variables. Noise exposure was analyzed. For the data analysis, was used the technique of non-conditional logistic regression, to obtain the values of the adjusted odds ratios (OR) of the significant variables. Two proper adjustment models stood out. The first model presented the significant variables: incorrect performance of the meals (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.08 to 6.02); skin color - black ou brown (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.12) and exposure to noise level above or equal to 80 dB(A) (OR = 1.90; 95% CI 0.87 to 4.12). The second model presented the significant variables: incorrect performance of the meals (OR = 2.35, 95% CI 0.1 to 5.56); exposure level standardized above or equal to 80 dB(A) (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 0.92 to 4.47) and use 0of drugs for depression/anxiety (OR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.33). This research identified the variables that were significantly associated with impaired sleep quality, as exposure to noise, contributing to the adoption of preventive measures.


RESUMO Este estudo investigou a associação entre ruído e qualidade prejudicada do sono em 150 instrutores de educação física, em academias de musculação. Dois questionários foram aplicados: avaliação da qualidade subjetiva do sono e sobre variáveis explanatórias. A exposição ao ruído foi avaliada. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de regressão logística não-condicional, para obter os valores das Razões de Chances (RC) das variáveis significativas. Dois modelos finais se destacaram. O primeiro apresentou as variáveis significativas: realização incorreta das refeições (RC = 2,58, IC 95% 1,08 a 6,02); cor da pele - preta ou parda (RC = 0,53; IC 95% 0,25 a 1,12) e exposição ao ruído acima ou igual a 80 dB(A) (RC = 1,90; IC95% 0,87 a 4,12). O segundo modelo apresentou as variáveis significativas: realização incorreta das refeições (RC = 2,35, IC 95% 0,1 a 5,56); nível de exposição padronizado acima ou igual a 80 dB (A) (RC = 2,03, IC 95% 0,92 a 4,47) e uso de medicamentos para depressão/ansiedade (RC = 0,26; IC95% 0,53 a 1,33). Esta pesquisa identificou as variáveis que se associaram significativamente com a qualidade do sono prejudicada, como a exposição ao ruído, contribuindo para a adoção de medidas preventivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Sleep/drug effects , Noise/adverse effects , Anxiety/prevention & control , Physical Education and Training/statistics & numerical data , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Depression/prevention & control , Drug Utilization , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Faculty/education , Meals
9.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(3): 322-327, may.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286509

ABSTRACT

Resumen La visión del gobierno cardenista y el proceso para crear el Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, considerado estratégico para la salud pública, fueron congruentes con las acciones llevadas a cabo: el Departamento de Salubridad Pública encargó al científico más relevante de la época, Eliseo Ramírez, el diseño y seguimiento del Instituto, que una comisión del Consejo Nacional de Educación Superior y la Investigación Científica revisó, aprobó y desde su inicio le confirió el carácter de investigación con vocación social y humanística. El Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales se convirtió en el primer organismo posrevolucionario que nació con plazas bien remuneradas para realizar investigación de tiempo completo en México, ofreciendo servicio clínico y enseñanza y apoyando las campañas sanitarias en la prevención y control de las enfermedades. Sin duda fue un parteaguas en la salud pública mexicana y cristalizó las expectativas de varias generaciones de médicos e investigadores en salud para tener una institución de alto nivel. Es la más significativa institución de salud pública del país, con una nueva etapa como Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos; sin ella no se entiende la moderna salud pública de México.


Abstract Lázaro Cárdenas government vision, and the process to create the Sanitary and Tropical Diseases Institute, which is considered strategic for public health, were consistent with the actions that were carried out: the Department of Public Sanitary asked the most relevant scientist of those days, Eliseo Ramírez, to design and follow-up the Institute's project. A commission of the Higher Education and Scientific Research Council reviewed and approved the project and conferred this institution its nature of research center with social and humanistic vocation since its foundation. Sanitary and Tropical Diseases Institute became the first post-revolutionary health institution that was born with well-remunerated job positions to conduct full-time research in Mexico, offering clinical services, teaching and supporting disease prevention and control campaigns. It was with no doubt a milestone in Mexican public health and crystalized the expectations of several generations of physicians and health researchers about having a high-level institution. It is the most significant public health institution of the country, with a new phase as Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference. Without it, Mexican modern public health cannot be understood.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Public Health , Academies and Institutes/history , Delivery of Health Care/history , Biomedical Research/history , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Mexico
11.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 69(6): 1017-1023, nov.-dez. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-829849

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a evolução da missão e visão de um Centro Colaborador da Organização Mundial da Saúde na área de Enfermagem no Brasil no contexto de implementação de seus termos de referência. Método: pesquisa histórico-social de cunho documental e abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: nos 25 anos de atuação do Centro Colaborador, sua missão de "promover e incentivar o desenvolvimento da pesquisa em enfermagem na região, com foco na América Latina" foi propulsora de atividades no contexto de seus termos de referência em quatro áreas: Formação de Recursos Humanos para a Pesquisa, Geração de Conhecimento, Disseminação de Conhecimento, Incentivo ao Intercâmbio e Fomento de Parcerias. Conclusão: as atividades desenvolvidas consolidaram-se com o fortalecimento de parcerias nacionais e internacionais, fomentadas também pelas cinco redesignações do Centro Colaborador no período analisado, permitindo a concretização de sua visão de tornar-se líder e agente propulsor de inovações nos contextos acadêmico, assistencial e político da enfermagem.


RESUMEN Objectivo: analizar la evolución de la misión y visión de un Centro Colaborador de la Organización Mundial de Salud en el área de Enfermería en Brasil en el contexto de la implementación de sus términos de referencia. Método: investigación histórico-social documental, de abordaje cualitativo. Resultados: en los 25 años del Centro Colaborador, su misión de "promover e incentivar el desarrollo de la investigación en enfermería en la región, con foco en América Latina" fue propulsora de actividades en el contexto de sus términos de referencia en cuatro áreas: Formación de Recursos Humanos para la Investigación en Enfermería; Generación de Conocimiento; Diseminación de Conocimiento; Incentivo al Intercambio y Fomento de Parcerías. Conclusión: las actividades desarrolladas se consolidaron con el fortalecimiento de parcerías nacionales e internacionales, fomentadas también por las cinco redesignaciones del Centro Colaborador, permitiendo la concretización de su visión de se tornar líder y agente propulsor de inovaciones en el contexto academico, del cuidado y político de enfermería.


ABSTRACT Objective: analyse the evolution in the mission and vision of a World Health Organization Collaborating Centre in Nursing in Brazil in the context of the implementation of its terms of reference. Method: Historical-social documentary research with a qualitative approach. Results: During the 25 years of its activities as a Collaborating Centre, its mission to "promote and stimulate the development of nursing research in the region, with a focus on Latin America" triggered activities in the context of its terms of reference in four areas: Human Resource Formation for Research, Knowledge Production, Knowledge Dissemination, Encouragement of Exchange and Stimulus of Partnerships. Conclusion: The activities developed were consolidated through the strengthening of Brazilian and international partnerships, further stimulated by the five redesignations of the Collaborating Centre in the period analysed. Thus, its vision of becoming leader and driving agent of innovations in the academic, care and political context of nursing could be put in practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , International Cooperation , Leadership , Societies, Nursing , World Health Organization , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Brazil
12.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(2): 317-324, Mar.-Apr. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792999

ABSTRACT

Abstract Under the national plan for addressing cancer, prevention and detection play important roles. However, the cost of treatments and late diagnosis represent a significant burden on health services. At the National Cancer Institute, more than half of patients present with tumors in advanced stages, and approximately 10% of patients seen for the first time exhibit terminal-stage malignancies, where there are no feasible cancer treatment options, and the patients are instead admitted to the hospital exclusively for palliative symptomatic management. In 2010, the National Cancer Plan began implementing a model of integrative management of palliative care in oncology that has gradually come to include symptomatic palliative care, involving ambulatory, distant and hospitalized management of patients with cancer, in its final stages and, more recently, in earlier stages.


Resumen En el marco del plan nacional para abordar el cáncer, la prevención y la detección juegan un papel importante. Sin embargo, el costo de tratamientos y diagnóstico tardío representan una carga significativa en los servicios de salud. En el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, más de la mitad de los pacientes presentan tumores en etapas avanzadas, y aproximadamente10% de los pacientes que acuden a consulta por primera vez presentan malignidades en etapa terminal, donde no hay opciones factibles para de tratamiento del cáncer; en su lugar, los pacientes son admitidos en el hospital exclusivamente para manejo sintomático paliativo. En 2010, el Plan Nacional del Cáncer comenzó a implementar un modelo de gestión integral de los cuidados paliativos en oncología que ha logrado gradualmente incluir cuidados sintomáticos paliativos, incluyendo manejo ambulatorio, distante y hospitalizado de los pacientes con cáncer en fase final y, más recientemente, en las primeras fases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Cancer Care Facilities/organization & administration , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Hospitals, Public/organization & administration , Medical Oncology/organization & administration , Terminal Care/organization & administration , Patient Education as Topic , Retrospective Studies , Delayed Diagnosis , Pain Management , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Mexico , Models, Theoretical , Neoplasms/therapy , Neoplasms/epidemiology
14.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 37(spe): e69074, 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-960767

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as fortalezas e as fragilidades encontradas no processo de implantação do curso Técnico de Enfermagem no Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, na década de 2000. Método Pesquisa sócio-histórica com abordagem qualitativa. História oral como método-fonte para coleta dos dados, entre junho/setembro de 2015, com análise temática. Sete profissionais participaram do estudo, resultando em três categorias: Reconhecimento do curso Técnico de Enfermagem pela comunidade e pelo mercado de Trabalho; Fragilidades enfrentadas pelo curso; Fortalezas no período de implantação do curso. Resultados O curso foi aceito pelo mercado de trabalho, o que se reflete na procura ampliada pelo curso. Como fragilidades destacaram-se: materiais e estrutura insuficientes, poucos professores, oferta bianual e não compreensão dos estágios pela instituição. Como fortalezas destacaram-se: o comprometimento dos professores, o apoio da direção e o incentivo à pesquisa. Considerações finais Apesar das fragilidades, as fortalezas contribuíram para que a implantação do curso Técnico de Enfermagem superasse os desafios, garantindo melhoria na formação profissional.


RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las fortalezas y debilidades encontradas en el transcurso proceso de implementación del curso Tecnico de Enfermería en el Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, en Florianópolis / SC, Brasil, en la década de 2000. Método Investigación sociohistórica con el enfoque cualitativo que utiliza la historia oral como un método de origen para la recolección de datos, de siete profesionales de salud entre junio/septiembre de 2015. Resultados Como fragilidad se destacaron: materiales y la estructura insuficiente y pocos profesores para llevar a cabo el curso, oferta del curso cada dos años de la oferta y no entender el funcionamiento de la formación práctica en la institución de enfermería. Como una fortaleza se destacó el compromiso de los profesores que participan en el curso, el apoyo a la gestión y el conocimiento de incentivos a la investigación dadas por las enfermeras. Consideraciones finales A pesar de las deficiencias existentes, los puntos fuertes contribuyeron para que la implantación del curso Técnico de Enfermería superase los desafíos garantizando mejora en la formación profesional.


ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the strengths and weaknesses found in the implementation process of the Nursing Certificate Program at the Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (Federal Institute of Santa Catarina), in the 2000s. Method Socio-historical research with a qualitative approach. Oral history as a method source for data collection between June/September 2015, with thematic analysis. Seven professionals participated in the study, resulting in three categories: Recognition of the Nursing Certificate Program in the community and work market; Weaknesses faced by the course; Strengths during the implementation of the course. Results The course was accepted by the labor market, resulting in an increased demand. As weaknesses: insufficient materials and structure, few teachers, course is offered every two years and no understanding of the stages by the institution. As strengths: commitment of teachers, management support and incentives to perform research. Final considerations Despite the weaknesses, the strengths contributed to the implementation of the Nursing Certificate Program overcoming challenges, ensuring improvement in vocational training.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Schools, Nursing/organization & administration , Certification/organization & administration , Education, Nursing/organization & administration , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Schools, Nursing/history , Brazil , Program Evaluation , Certification/standards , Community-Institutional Relations , Qualitative Research , Education, Nursing/standards , Employment , Academies and Institutes/history , Faculty, Nursing
18.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 21(2): 457-475, apr-jun/2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714649

ABSTRACT

El trabajo analiza la conformación del cáncer como problema sanitario y como objeto científico en la Argentina en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX. Se consideran la adquisición y circulación de conocimientos foráneos sobre el tema, el contexto en el que surgieron los primeros desarrollos experimentales, las iniciativas institucionales promovidas desde la profesión médica y el modo en que se logró interesar a las autoridades estatales y a la sociedad civil para darles curso. Se estudia de manera detallada el proceso de creación del Instituto de Medicina Experimental, un centro destinado enteramente al estudio y el tratamiento del cáncer, inaugurado en el año 1922 y que clausura simbólicamente la primera etapa de conformación del cáncer como problema en el país.


This article analyzes the construction of cancer as a sanitary problem and an object of scientific inquiry in Argentina in the first two decades of the twentieth century. It considers the acquisition and circulation of foreign knowledge on the subject, the context in which the first experimental developments arose, the institutional initiatives promoted by the medical profession and the way in which state authorities and civil society were enlisted to further these initiatives. There is a detailed examination of the process of creating the Instituto de Medicina Experimental, a center wholly devoted to the study and treatment of cancer, which was inaugurated in 1922, symbolically ending the first phase of constructing cancer as a problem in the country.


Subject(s)
Animals , History, 20th Century , Humans , Academies and Institutes , Biomedical Research , Neoplasms , Argentina , Academies and Institutes/history , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/history
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